Summary

Disaster Management Class 04

OVERVIEW OF THE PREVIOUS CLASS (01:10 PM)

FUNDS FOR MANAGING THE DISASTER (01:21 PM)

NDMF and NDRF at the union level
At the state level we have SDMF and SDRF.
Money will come based on the recommendation of the finance commission (Article 280).
The NDM Act also has the provision of different documents like policy documents, The policy was released in the year 2009.

NATIONAL PORTAL FOR DISASTER RISK REDUCTION (01:32 PM)

In 2013, We came up with the National Platform for DRR, headed by the Home Minister.
NPDRR is constituted by the GOI, as a multi-stakeholder national platform to bring together the whole range of India's disaster risk community including the government which includes the executive and the legislatures, NGOs,media, International organizations, local community representatives, scientific and academic institutions and corporate sector.
It is supposed to help in sharing views and ideas, experiences, research,action plans and work for mutual cooperation towards achieving the goals of DRR.

NDRF(NATIONAL DISASTER RESPONSE FORCE) AND SDRF(STATE DISASTER RESPONSE FORCE)

NDRF
This was the first dedicated disaster management/response force created anywhere in the world.
There are as of now 16 battalions of the NDRF having a strength of 1149 each taken from the paramilitary forces such as BSF, CISF, CRPF, Assam rifles etc.
These personnel are stationed exclusively as part of the NDRF at these locations (Please copy the map from the board).
SDRF
These are expected to be created by the respective states.

HOW DM PRACTICALLY DONE IN INDIA PRESENTLY (01:45 PM)

NDMA and SDMA have been created.
FUNDS
Before the NDM act and even presently the money was exclusively coming from the relief fund, contingency fund, or special allocation, whereas NDMA has suggested/provisioned for the funds where only the NDRF response fund is created by the GOI and the NDMF is still not created.
Similarly, at the state level, Some states have SDRF but almost none have SDMF.
The NDMA and the SDMAs are still not properly met at their respective level (They do not have the required workforce in the field) and hence in case of a disaster the NDMA is still not capable of handling the disaster completely.
As we find that in handling any hazardous situation presently, the pre-existing structure (Before the DM act) as well as the post-DM act structure (NDRF etc) both come into action along with the roles of other stakeholders.

MITIGATION ACTIVITY (02:04 PM)

The Union government has still not created NDMF and this question has been raised in the parliament many times.
The response to this is that the government is already allocating a lot of funds for developmental activity and many initiatives are already taken because.
At the implementation level, it all falls under the ambit of the administrative district head so that the developmental funds can be used for the mitigation activity also, and no need for a separate NDMF. The same logic applies to the state level also.
Because the NDMF and the SDMF are formally not created therefore the institutional framework for development-oriented mitigation activities is still not operationalised and hence the focus still lacks official in the activities of NDMA and also overall.
This does not mean no mitigation activities taking place but it is not systematic risk reduction but rather an ad-hoc approach where the concerned ministries departments and states are individually taking action. For example: Cyclone mitigation activity in Odisha, Flashflood mitigation activities in Uttrakhand, Tsunami mitigation activities in Tamil Nadu, etc.
Simply said though in theory, the country has a proactive approach to handling disaster management but in many cases de facto we are still at the reactive approach level.
In the NDMP we do see initiatives towards congruence of our international commitments through mutual reinforcement.
At the National level strengthening the provision of the NDM Act.
Fixing responsibilities for different hazard situations.
The government has also initiated a risk mitigation project and central agencies designated for early warnings.

MAIN PILLARS OF NDMP (02:37 PM)

Conforming to the national legal mandates of the act.
Participate proactively to meet the global targets as per Sendai, SDGs, and the Paris Agreement on climate change.
PM 10-point agenda for DRR articulating contemporary national priorities.
Social inclusion is a ubiquitous and cross-cutting principle.
Mainstreaming DRR as an integral feature.

PM 10-POINT AGENDA FOR DRUG

All developmental sectors must imbibe the features of disaster risk management.
Risk coverage must include all the stakeholders.
Women leadership involvement.
Invest in risk mapping to improve understanding.
Leverage technology for DRR.
Utilize the opportunity of social media.
Develop a network of universities to work on disaster-related issues.
Build on local capacity.
Greater cohesion in the international response to the disaster.
Every disaster is an opportunity.

TECHNICAL ASPECTS CONCERNING DISASTER MANAGEMENT IN INDIA (02:51 PM)

There are coordination networks created for DM which include:
1)IDRN (Disaster resource network) which is a nationwide electronic inventory of resources that enlists equipment and human resources at different district, state and national level departments and agencies.
2)CDRN (Community disaster resource management) which helps the corporate sector in coordinating their efforts in a disaster situation. This includes stakeholders such as corporate sector representatives response agencies and civil society.
3)NDCN (National Disaster Communication Network): This is a network of networks created by the government to be used in case any network fails so it includes the SWAM (Statewide area networks) NIC (national informatics network), VSAT network, and another network.

VARIOUS TECHNOLOGIES AND SERVICES FOR DRR (03:34 PM)

1)National disaster management services: It is a network connecting different ministries, NDMA, states, and 80 plus vulnerable districts implemented through BSNL to provide a fail-safe communication network.
2)Earthquake disaster risk indexing: For 50 important cities and one district in zones 4 and 5 areas to help the administrative body in comparing overall risk over a large number of cities.
3)GIS(Geographical information system) with the objective of integrating data obtained from various stakeholders and increasing disaster preparedness mitigation assesment etc.

EARLY WARNING SYSTEM(EWS)

EWS has an objective to alert the community of any impending disaster/hazard.
Sensing the precursor.
Transmission of raw material.
Processing data to create relevant alerts.
Disseminating the alert.

RELEVANT EWS FOR DIFFERENT DISASTER

FOR CYCLONES
1)Surface observatories
2)Radiosonde station.
3)Weather balloon systems.
4)Doppler radars including Doppler S band radars.
5)Cyclone warning dissemination system.

FOR FLOODS

1)Flood gauge.
2)Flood marks.
3)Channel Flow meter.

FOR TSUNAMI

1)Shore-based tidal gauges
2)Pressure censor on ocean floors.
3)Deep Ocean assessment and reporting of tsunami system.

FOR LANDSLIDES

1)Pressure censor.
2)Rain censor.
3)Automatic position reporting system.

2ND ARC CRISIS MANAGEMENT REPORT (04:04 PM)

As per the crisis management report of the 2nd ARC, the Role of DM in case of a disaster is as follows:
a)Engagement and coordination with the state.
b)Infrastructure with state and central institutions.
c)Proper understanding of DM policy and plan.
d)Proper understanding of SOPs for different disasters.
e)Sensitisation of stakeholders.
f)Disaster preparedness by creating rescue shelters.
g)Public awareness messages.
h)Community engagement.
i)Functional early warning systems.
j)Communication systems.
k)Functional response mechanism.
l)Mock drills and exercises.

VARIOUS NATURAL DISASTERS

Please refer to the NDMP (National Disaster Management Plan) as suggested by the faculty.

The Syllabus of the DM stands completed with this class. All the best.